Wireless Sensor Network based Water Monitoring Systems: A survey

Abstract

India is experiencing rapid urbanization at the cost of it is Environment. Hazards related to Air and Water, are leading contributors to humanitarian crisis and that result in disaster. To overcome this, a quick check on the crisis is required by frequently monitoring the water and air for quality. This paper survey's different Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based Water Monitoring Systems that address the challenges pertaining to specific water threats like physical, biological, chemical or radioactive contaminations, that are caused due to industrial, Sewer or agricultural wastes that are dumped in the river or lake water. These systems will continuously monitor the water for any changes using parameters like pH, DO, Temp, TDS, TBD... etc, if there are any changes in any one of the parameters, it is reported to the data center for further investigation. There are also many other issues related to water monitoring like Deployment of sensors nodes, QOS parameters and Underwater Communication protocols which also need to be solved. This paper tries to critically review the present system technologies used in WSN for monitoring water challenges, and try to find out the research gaps.