Subgap structure in asymmetric superconducting tunnel junctions

Abstract

Conductance measurements between two superconducting electrodes with different gap energies ${\Delta }_1$ and ${\Delta }_2$ were performed with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. The temperature dependence and tip-sample distance dependence of the spectra show a pronounced subgap structure which is interpreted as multiple Andreev reflections (MARs). Low temperature conductance peaks not seen in symmetric superconducting tunnel junctions arise at energies $\pm \mid {\Delta }_1-{\Delta }_2\mid$ when the superconducting gaps are sufficiently different. We propose an explanation of these findings by extending the full counting statistics of MARs to describe these asymmetric junctions.