Passive and Semi-Passive Wireless Temperature and Humidity Sensors Based on EPC Generation-2 UHF Protocol
- 26 November 2014
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Sensors Journal
- Vol. 15 (4), 2403-2411
- https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2014.2375180
Abstract
This paper proposes passive and semi-passive wireless temperature and humidity sensors based on electronic product code (EPC) global Class-1 Generation-2 UHF communication protocol. The wireless sensors consist of a sensor key chip and off-chip temperature and humidity sensors. The sensor key chip integrates RF/analog front-end circuit, digital baseband processor, nonvolatile memory, on-chip temperature sensor, and sensor interface. The sensor interface connects the off-chip sensors and the sensor key chip. The sensor key chip with the on-chip temperature sensor can operate without battery power (passive mode), and also can co-operate with the off-chip temperature and humidity sensors powered by battery (semi-passive mode). The RF/analog front-end circuit provides the dc power to the sensor key chip and communicates with the interrogator passively. Advanced low-power techniques are adopted to reduce the power consumption of the sensor key chip. The sensor key chip is fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS process. In passive mode, the maximum wireless sensitivity of on-chip sensor is -15.1/-11.2 dBm for reading and sensing operation, respectively, and the temperature sensing error is -1 °C/0.8 °C over operating range from -20 °C to 50 °C. It achieves a reading/sensing distance of over 9.5/6 m with 4-W effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) by the commercial interrogator. In semi-passive mode, the temperature and humidity sensing distance of off-chip sensors is 2.7 m.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Key Technology Research and Development Program through the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012BAH20B02)
- National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA012301)
- National Science and Technology Major Projects through the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012ZX03004007-002)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61306027)
- Academy-Locality Cooperation Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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