The role of insulin and the adipocytokines in regulation of vascular endothelial function
- 24 November 2004
- journal article
- Published by Portland Press Ltd. in Clinical Science
- Vol. 107 (6), 519-532
- https://doi.org/10.1042/cs20040190
Abstract
Vascular integrity in the healthy endothelium is maintained through the release of a variety of paracrine factors such as NO (nitric oxide). Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced NO bioavailability, is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Insulin has been demonstrated to have direct effects on the endothelium to increase NO bioavailability. Therefore altered insulin signalling in the endothelium represents a candidate mechanism underlying the association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In recent years, it has become apparent that insulin sensitivity is regulated by the adipocytokines, a group of bioactive proteins secreted by adipose tissue. Secretion of adipocytokines is altered in obese individuals and there is increasing evidence that the adipocytokines have direct effects on the vascular endothelium. A number of current antidiabetic strategies have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on endothelial function and to alter adipocytokine concentrations in addition to their effects on glucose homoeostasis. In this review we will explore the notion that the association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction is accounted for by adipocytokine action on the endothelium. In addition, we examine the effects of weight loss, exercise and antidiabetic drugs on adipocytokine availability and endothelial function.Keywords
This publication has 102 references indexed in Scilit:
- Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effectsNature, 2003
- Tumor necrosis factor signalingCell Death & Differentiation, 2003
- Potential role of leptin in angiogenesis: leptin induces endothelial cell proliferation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo and in vitroExperimental & Molecular Medicine, 2001
- Leptin Induces Mitochondrial Superoxide Production and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression in Aortic Endothelial Cells by Increasing Fatty Acid Oxidation via Protein Kinase APublished by Elsevier BV ,2001
- Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Endothelium-Dependent Arterial Relaxation by LeptinBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2000
- The Akt kinase signals directly to endothelial nitric oxide synthaseCurrent Biology, 1999
- Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)The Lancet, 1998
- cDNA Cloning and Expression of a Novel Adipose Specific Collagen-like Factor, apM1 (AdiposeMost Abundant Gene Transcript 1)Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1996
- TNF in vascular pathology: the importance of platelet-endothelium interactionsResearch in Immunology, 1993
- Adipose Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: Direct Role in Obesity-Linked Insulin ResistanceScience, 1993