Exponential split operator methods for solving coupled time-dependent Schrödinger equations

Abstract

Coherent excitation of molecules with laser pulses are usually described by coupled time‐dependent linear parabolic partial differential equations, i.e., Schrödinger equations. Numerical solutions of these equations based on splitting (factorization) of the exponential form of the evolution operator or time‐dependent propagator are examined for accuracy of amplitude and phase as a function of various unitary splitting schemes.