Real-time intraoperative visualization of myocardial circulation using augmented reality temperature display
Open Access
- 7 July 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
- Vol. 29 (2), 521-528
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-012-0094-5
Abstract
For direct visualization of myocardial ischemia during cardiac surgery, we tested the feasibility of presenting infrared (IR) tissue temperature maps in situ during surgery. A new augmented reality (AR) system, consisting of an IR camera and an integrated projector having identical optical axes, was used, with a high resolution IR camera as control. The hearts of five pigs were exposed and an elastic band placed around the middle of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce ischemia. A proximally placed ultrasound Doppler probe confirmed reduction of flow. Two periods of complete ischemia and reperfusion were studied in each heart. There was a significant decrease in IR-measured temperature distal to the occlusion, with subsequent return to baseline temperatures after reperfusion (baseline 36.9 ± 0.60 (mean ± SD) versus ischemia 34.1 ± 1.66 versus reperfusion 37.4 ± 0.48; p < 0.001), with no differences occurring in the non-occluded area. The AR presentation was clear and dynamic without delay, visualizing the temperature changes produced by manipulation of the coronary blood flow, and showed concentrically arranged penumbra zones during ischemia. Surface myocardial temperature changes could be assessed quantitatively and visualized in situ during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. This method shows potential as a rapid and simple way of following myocardial perfusion during cardiac surgery. The dynamics in the penumbra zone could potentially be used for visualizing the effect of therapy on intraoperative ischemia during cardiac surgery.Keywords
This publication has 12 references indexed in Scilit:
- Intraoperative coronary graft assessmentCurrent Opinion in Cardiology, 2008
- Visualization and grading of regional ischemia in pigs in vivo using near-infrared and thermal imagingThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute.Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2007
- Modeling of temperature mapping for quantitative dynamic infrared coronary angiography for intraoperative graft patency controlThe Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2006
- Real-time patency control with thermal coronary angiography in 1401 coronary artery bypass grafting patientsEuropean Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 2003
- Intraoperative coronary artery imaging with infrared camera in off-pump CABGThe Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2000
- Thermographic imaging in the beating heart: a method for coronary flow estimation based on a heat transfer modelMedical Engineering & Physics, 1998
- A Survey of Augmented RealityPRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality, 1997
- Thermal Coronary Angiography for Intraoperative Patency Control of Arterial and Saphenous Vein Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts: Results in 370 PatientsJournal of Cardiac Surgery, 1995
- Laser doppler flowmetry estimating myocardial perfusion after internal mammary artery graftingScandinavian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1988
- Intraoperative CardiothermographyEuropean Surgical Research, 1971