Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Activation Prevents Sepsis-Related Cardiac Dysfunction and Mortality In Mice

Abstract

Background—: Cardiac dysfunction with sepsis is associated with both inflammation and reduced fatty acid oxidation. We hypothesized that energy deprivation accounts for sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction. Methods and Results—: Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered to C57BL/6 mice (wild type) induced cardiac dysfunction and reduced fatty acid oxidation and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-α and its downstream targets within 6–8 hours. Transgenic mice in which cardiomyocyte-specific expression of PPARγ is driven by the α-myosin heavy chain promoter (αMHC-PPARγ) were protected from LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. Despite a reduction in PPARα, fatty acid oxidation and associated genes were not decreased in hearts of LPS-treated αMHC-PPARγ mice. LPS treatment, however, continued to induce inflammation-related genes, such as interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in hearts of αMHC-PPARγ mice. Treatment of wild-type mice with LPS and the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, but not the PPARα agonist (WY-14643), increased fatty acid oxidation, prevented LPS-mediated reduction of mitochondria, and treated cardiac dysfunction, as well as it improved survival, despite continued increases in the expression of cardiac inflammatory markers. Conclusions—: Activation of PPARγ in LPS-treated mice prevented cardiac dysfunction and mortality, despite development of cardiac inflammation and PPARα downregulation.