The second derivative method of interpreting gravity data, although its use is justifiable only on data of high accuracy, offers a simple routine method of locating some types of geologic anomalies of importance in oil and mineral reconnaissance. The theoretical formula by which it is possible to compute the second (vertical) derivative of any harmonic function from its values in a horizontal plane is derived for both the two‐dimensional and the three‐dimensional cases. The graphical method of computing the second derivative is discussed, especially as to the sources of error. A numerical coefficient equivalent of the graphical method is also presented. Formulas and graphs for the second derivative of the gravity effect of such geometrically simple shapes as the sphere, the infinite horizontal cylinder, the semi‐infinite horizontal plane, and the vertical fault, are presented with discussions of their value in the interpretation of practical data. Finally, the gravity and second derivative maps of portions of some important oil provinces are presented and compared to show the higher resolving power of the second derivative.