An investigation of excess residual cytoplasm in human spermatozoa and its distinction from the cytoplasmic droplet
Open Access
- 17 November 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
- Vol. 10 (1), 92
- https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-92
Abstract
Recent studies have shown cytoplasmic droplets to be normal morphological occurrences in human male spermatozoa. When the cytoplasm around the sperm midpiece is present in large amounts, however, pathological effects may transpire. The cytoplasmic droplet then becomes known as excess residual cytoplasm, which can impair overall sperm function and produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially leading to male infertility. Though the distinction between cytoplasmic droplets and excess residual cytoplasm has been made, some studies fail to recognize the difference and incorrectly label the latter as a cytoplasmic droplet. This review attempts to clarify excess residual cytoplasm’s effect on fertility, examine the enzymes responsible, and suggest tests and possible treatment options for those affected by this defect.Keywords
This publication has 73 references indexed in Scilit:
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 16/PCTAIRE Kinase 1 Is Activated by Cyclin Y and Is Essential for SpermatogenesisMolecular and Cellular Biology, 2012
- SpermiationSpermatogenesis, 2011
- Aquaporin3 is a sperm water channel essential for postcopulatory sperm osmoadaptation and migrationCell Research, 2010
- The epididymis, cytoplasmic droplets and male fertilityAsian Journal of Andrology, 2010
- Physiological volume regulation by spermatozoaMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2006
- Relationship of Cytoplasmic Droplets to Motility, Migration in Mucus, and Volume Regulation of Human SpermatozoaJournal of Andrology, 2006
- Acquisition of volume regulatory response of sperm upon maturation in the epididymis and the role of the cytoplasmic dropletMicroscopy Research and Technique, 2003
- Putative Creatine Kinase M-Isoform in Human Sperm Is Identifiedas the 70-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein HspA21Biology of Reproduction, 2000
- Role of lipoxygenase in the mechanism of acrosome reaction in mammalian spermatozoaBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 1990
- Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by an (n − 6)-lipoxygenase associated with human ejaculatesBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 1989