Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Excess Iron in Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Disease and Other Iron Overload Diseases
- 1 January 2008
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Hemoglobin
- Vol. 32 (1-2), 85-96
- https://doi.org/10.1080/03630260701699912
Abstract
Patients with transfusion-dependent anemia develop cardiac and endocrine toxicity from iron overload. Classically, serum ferritin and liver biopsy have been used to monitor patient response to chelation therapy. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven effective in detecting and quantifying iron in the heart and liver. Tissue iron is paramagnetic and increases the MRI relaxation rates R2 and R2* in a quantifiable manner. This review outlines the principles and validation of non invasive iron estimation by MRI, as well as discussing some of the technical considerations necessary for accurate measurements. Specifically, the use of R2 or R2* methods, choice of echo times, appropriate model for data fitting, the use of a pixel-wise or region-based measurement, and the choice of field strength are discussed.Keywords
This publication has 42 references indexed in Scilit:
- R2* imaging of transfusional iron burden at 3T and comparison with 1.5TJournal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2007
- A single breath‐hold multiecho T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance technique for diagnosis of myocardial iron overloadJournal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2003
- Monitoring long‐term efficacy of iron chelation therapy by deferiprone and desferrioxamine in patients with β‐thalassaemia major: application of SQUID biomagnetic liver susceptometryBritish Journal of Haematology, 2003
- Bi-exponential proton transverse relaxation rate (R2) image analysis using RF field intensity-weighted spin density projection: potential for R2 measurement of iron-loaded liverMagnetic Resonance Imaging, 2003
- Cardiovascular T2-star (T2*) magnetic resonance for the early diagnosis of myocardial iron overloadEuropean Heart Journal, 2001
- Brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease imaged using the PRIME magnetic resonance sequenceBrain, 2000
- T2 Relaxation Rate as an Index of Pituitary Iron Overload in Patients with β-Thalassemia MajorAmerican Journal of Roentgenology, 2000
- Hepatic iron concentration combined with long‐term monitoring of serum ferritin to predict complications of iron overload in thalassaemia majorBritish Journal of Haematology, 2000
- Hepatic Iron Concentration and Total Body Iron Stores in Thalassemia MajorThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2000
- Quantitative mapping of transverse relaxivity (1/T2) in hepatic iron overload: a single spin-echo imaging methodologyMagnetic Resonance Imaging, 2000