Intrinsic Surface Stability in LiMn2–xNixO4–δ (x = 0.45, 0.5) High Voltage Spinel Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

This work reports the surface stability of the high voltage Li ion cathode LiMn_2–xNi_xO_4–δ (x = 0.5, 0.45) by comparing thin film and powder composite electrodes after cycling using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thin film electrodes offer the ability to probe the surface of the material without the need of a conductive agent and polymer binder typically used in composite electrodes. The results suggest that neither oxidation of PF₆ to POF₃ nor the decomposition of ethylene carbonate or dimethylene carbonate occurs on the surface of the spinel material. These results confirm the enhanced cycling stability and rate capability associated with the high voltage spinel material and suggests that the SEI layer forms due to the reaction of electrochemically inactive components in composite electrodes with the electrolyte.