Bone Loss in the HIV-Infected Patient: Evidence, Clinical Implications, and Treatment Strategies
Open Access
- 1 June 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Vol. 205 (suppl_3), S391-S398
- https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis199
Abstract
Osteoporosis is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons. The etiology of osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients is likely multifactorial, involving traditional risk factors such as low body weight, hypogonadism, and smoking, as well as direct effects of chronic HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that the increasing prevalence of osteoporosis in HIV-infected persons translates into a higher risk of fracture, likely leading to excess morbidity and mortality as the HIV-infected population ages. This review addresses the epidemiology of osteoporosis, discusses the causes of low bone mineral density in HIV-infected persons, including the impact of specific antiretroviral therapies, and offers recommendations on screening and treating vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis.Keywords
This publication has 43 references indexed in Scilit:
- Bone Mineral Density and Fractures in Antiretroviral-Naive Persons Randomized to Receive Abacavir-Lamivudine or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Emtricitabine Along With Efavirenz or Atazanavir-Ritonavir: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5224s, a Substudy of ACTG A5202The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011
- Increased Risk of Fragility Fractures among HIV Infected Compared to Uninfected Male VeteransPLOS ONE, 2011
- Bone Disease in HIV Infection: A Practical Review and Recommendations for HIV Care ProvidersClinical Infectious Diseases, 2010
- Short Communication: Inadequate Vitamin D Exacerbates Parathyroid Hormone Elevations in Tenofovir UsersAIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2010
- Fracture Prevalence among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-InfectedVersusNon-HIV-Infected Patients in a Large U.S. Healthcare SystemJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2008
- Once-Yearly Zoledronic Acid for Treatment of Postmenopausal OsteoporosisThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2007
- Longitudinal Analysis of Bone Density in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected WomenJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2006
- HIV-1 Vpr enhances production of receptor of activated NF-?B ligand (RANKL) via potentiation of glucocorticoid receptor activityArchiv für die gesamte Virusforschung, 2004
- Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir DF vs Stavudine in Combination Therapy in Antiretroviral-Naive PatientsA 3-Year Randomized TrialPublished by American Medical Association (AMA) ,2004
- Changes in Bone Mineral Density with Age in Men and Women: A Longitudinal StudyOsteoporosis International, 2002