Endogenous Inhibitors of Angiogenesis
Open Access
- 15 May 2005
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Cancer Research
- Vol. 65 (10), 3967-3979
- https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2427
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is required for many pathologic processes, including invasive tumor growth as well as physiologic organ/tissue maintenance. Angiogenesis during development and adulthood is likely regulated by a balance between endogenous proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. It is speculated that tumor growth requires disruption of such balance; thus, the angiogenic switch must be turned “on” for cancer progression. If the angiogenic switch needs to be turned on to facilitate the tumor growth, the question remains as to what the physiologic status of this switch is in the adult human body; is it “off,” with inhibitors outweighing the stimulators, or maintained at a fine “balance,” keeping the proangiogenic properties of many factors at a delicate “activity” balance with endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. The physiologic status of this balance is important to understand as it might determine an individual's predisposition to turn the switch on during pathologic events dependent on angiogenesis. Conceivably, if the physiologic angiogenesis balance in human population exists somewhere between off and even balance, an individual's capacity and rate to turn the switch on might reflect their normal physiologic angiogenic status. In this regard, although extensive knowledge has been gained in our understanding of endogenous growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis, the activities associated with endogenous inhibitors are poorly understood. In this review, we will present an overview of the knowledge gained in studies related to the identification and characterization of 27 different endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis.Keywords
This publication has 107 references indexed in Scilit:
- Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Is a Multiligand Cross-β Structure ReceptorCurrent Biology, 2002
- From the Editor's deskMatrix Biology, 2002
- Complex roles of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in cancerOncogene, 2002
- Novel mechanism for age‐related macular degeneration: An equilibrium shift between the angiogenesis factors VEGF and PEDFJournal of Cellular Physiology, 2001
- Endostatins derived from collagens XV and XVIII differ in structural and binding properties, tissue distribution and anti-angiogenic activityJournal of Molecular Biology, 2000
- Tumour suppressor genes and angiogenesis: the role of TP53 in fibroblastsEuropean Journal Of Cancer, 1996
- Identification of a Natural Soluble Form of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor, FLT-1, and Its Heterodimerization with KDRBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1996
- Patterns and Emerging Mechanisms of the Angiogenic Switch during TumorigenesisCell, 1996
- Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1993
- Tumor Angiogenesis: Therapeutic ImplicationsNew England Journal of Medicine, 1971