Effect of misdiagnosis on the prognosis of anorectal malignant melanoma

Abstract

Anorectal malignant melanoma (AMM) is frequently subjected to misdiagnosis. Here the effect of misdiagnosis on the prognosis of AMM was investigated. Between 1995 and 2007, 79 patients managed for AMM were reviewed; 46 (58.23%) of them had been misdiagnosed during the symptoms, while 33 (41.77%) cases had been diagnosed exactly not more than 1 week after the first visit. Diseases misdiagnosed were categorized as cancer, hemorrhoids, polyps and other diseases. Data were statistically analyzed by using the life tables and Kaplan–Meier curves. The software used was SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of AMM patients were 58, 33, 24 and 16%, respectively, and the median survival time was 14.0 months; 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of the misdiagnosed patients were 61, 22, 22 and 11%, respectively, and the median survival time was 14.0 months; 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of the patients not misdiagnosed were 55, 44, 25 and 25%, respectively, and the median survival time was 12.0 months. Analyses based on Kaplan–Meier curves revealed no significant effect of misdiagnosis on the survival of AMM patients (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the diseases misdiagnosed significantly affect the prognosis (P = 0.009); AMM misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids had a poor prognosis, with a 1-year survival rate of only 29% and the median survival of only 6.0 months. The misdiagnosed patients had relatively poor prognosis, but the effect of misdiagnosis on the prognosis was not significant; however, misdiagnosis of AMM as hemorrhoids seriously affected the prognosis.