Analysis of thulium fiber laser induced bubble dynamics for ablation of kidney stones

Abstract
Image of bubble formation during fiber optic delivery of Thulium fiber laser energy in saline (35 mJ, 500 μs).
Funding Information
  • summer undergraduate research fellowship from the Charlotte Research Scholars Program at UNC-Charlotte
  • Lucille P. and Edward C. Giles Dissertation Year Graduate Fellowship Award from the Graduate School at UNC-Charlotte