Diversity in biology: definitions, quantification and models
Open Access
- 19 March 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by IOP Publishing in Physical Biology
- Vol. 17 (3), 031001
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/ab6754
Abstract
Diversity indices are useful single-number metrics for characterizing a complex distribution of a set of attributes across a population of interest. The utility of these different metrics or sets of metrics depend on the context and application, and whether a predictive mechanistic model exists. In this topical review, we first summarize the relevant mathematical principles underlying heterogeneity in a large population before outlining the various definitions of "diversity" and providing examples of scientific topics in which its quantification plays an important role. We then review how diversity has been a ubiquitous concept across multiple fields including ecology, immunology, cellular barcoding studies, and socioeconomic studies. Since many of these applications involve sampling of populations, we also review how diversity in small samples is related to the diversity in the entire population. Features that arise in each of these applications are highlighted.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL146552)
- Division of Mathematical Sciences (DMS-1814364)
- Army Research Office (W911NF-18-1-0345)
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