Question‐asking comfort: Explorations of the demography of communication in the eighth grade classroom

Abstract
A national sample of eighth grade students (N = 24599) described how comfortable they were about asking questions in English, science, social studies, and mathematics classes. Question‐asking comfort was positively related to family income, socio‐economic status, English language proficiency, family intellectual environment, educational aspirations, academic performance, self‐esteem, and locus of control. A significant and inverse relationship was found between question‐asking comfort and age. Results further suggest that question‐asking comfort is significantly associated with gender, ethnicity, geographic region, home language background, and perceptions of teachers' responsiveness to students.