Parental Leave--Possibility or Trap? Does Family Leave Length Effect Swedish Women's Labour Market Opportunities?
- 27 May 2010
- journal article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in European Sociological Review
- Vol. 27 (4), 435-450
- https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcq018
Abstract
Sweden is known for its policies aimed at facilitating the combination of work and family for both mothers and fathers. The parental leave insurance is one important part of these policies, considered to reduce the work-family conflict for women. However, there is scarce knowledge about the effects a long family leave break may have on women’s occupational careers and the studies on the topic so far mainly refer to the period up to the early 1990s. In addition, issues of selectivity are seldom dealt with. In the present study, we focus on mothers’ leave-taking behaviour in the period from 1974 to 2000 and estimate the relationship between family leave length and the transition rate to an upward occupational move upon return to work. Data from the nationally representative Swedish Level of Living Survey of 1991 and 2000 are used. The results indicate that women with leaves of 16 months or more were less likely to experience an upward occupational move once back on the job again. In a multilevel, multiprocess model including terms for unobserved heterogeneity, the main results remain, and we conclude that even after controlling for selectivity into different parental leave length, we find a negative effect of time out on subsequent career moves.Keywords
This publication has 19 references indexed in Scilit:
- Is There a Career Penalty for Mothers' Time Out? A Comparison of Germany, Sweden and the United StatesSocial Forces, 2009
- How does Parental Leave Affect Fertility and Return to Work? Evidence from Two Natural Experiments*The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2009
- Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women’s careers: An empirical assessment of the wage penalty for motherhood in britain, germany, and the united statesDemography, 2009
- Cohort Fertility Patterns in the Nordic CountriesDemographic Research, 2009
- Family Policies, Wage Structures, and Gender Gaps: Sources of Earnings Inequality in 20 CountriesAmerican Sociological Review, 2005
- Children and Career Interruptions: The Family Gap in DenmarkEconomica, 2002
- The Impact of Labour-Force Participation on Childbearing Behaviour: Pro-Cyclical Fertility in Sweden during the 1980s and the 1990sEuropean Journal of Population, 2000
- Career Interruptions and Subsequent Earnings: A Reexamination Using Swedish DataThe Journal of Human Resources, 1999
- Women's Employment Transitions Around ChildbearingOxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 1998
- Internationally Comparable Measures of Occupational Status for the 1988 International Standard Classification of OccupationsSocial Science Research, 1996