Hierarchical Control of Droop-Controlled AC and DC Microgrids—A General Approach Toward Standardization
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- 12 August 2010
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
- Vol. 58 (1), 158-172
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2066534
Abstract
AC and dc microgrids (MGs) are key elements for integrating renewable and distributed energy resources as well as distributed energy-storage systems. In the last several years, efforts toward the standardization of these MGs have been made. In this sense, this paper presents the hierarchical control derived from ISA-95 and electrical dispatching standards to endow smartness and flexibility to MGs. The hierarchical control proposed consists of three levels: 1) The primary control is based on the droop method, including an output-impedance virtual loop; 2) the secondary control allows the restoration of the deviations produced by the primary control; and 3) the tertiary control manages the power flow between the MG and the external electrical distribution system. Results from a hierarchical-controlled MG are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.Keywords
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