Coping with unfamiliar cultures: Adjustment or culture learning?
- 1 December 1986
- journal article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Australian Journal of Psychology
- Vol. 38 (3), 347-358
- https://doi.org/10.1080/00049538608259021
Abstract
Persons exposed to novel and unfamiliar cultural environments include migrants, foreign students, refugees, tourists, business persons, international guest workers. Coping with unfamiliar cultures has been regarded in the literature as a matter of adjusting the “culture travellers” to their new cultures, within a clinical framework based on the assumption that sojourning in foreign places causes “culture shock.” The adjustment model is rejected on the grounds that exposure to a second culture is essentially a learning process, in particular acquiring the social skills of the new culture. Emphasizing intra‐psychic determinants of behaviour stigmatizes those experiencing difficulties in “adjusting.” A culture learning formulation avoids implications of relative culture superiority, assimilation, and culture erosion inherent in the concept of adjustment. The culture learning model also has specific implications for the design, implementation and evaluation of culture training programs, particularly those whose aim is to produce mediating persons. Finally, the distinction between adjustment and culture learning has theoretical, socio‐political and practical consequences for the development of multicultural societies.Keywords
This publication has 27 references indexed in Scilit:
- The Friendship Patterns of Overseas and Host Students in an Oxford Student ResidenceThe Journal of Social Psychology, 1985
- Inter-cultural communicationPublished by Elsevier BV ,1982
- Race and Academic Status as Determinants of Friendship Formation: A Field StudyInternational Journal of Psychology, 1979
- Friendship Patterns of Overseas Students: A Functional ModelInternational Journal of Psychology, 1977
- Communication Patterns in an International Student Dormitory: A Modification of the "Small World" Method1Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1976
- The Role of Intergroup Contact in Change of Prejudice and Ethnic RelationsPublished by Elsevier BV ,1976
- Intercultural communication and the adjustment of the Sojourner.Psychological Bulletin, 1971
- Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations.Psychological Bulletin, 1969
- Attitudes and AttractionPublished by Elsevier BV ,1969
- The Experimental Analysis of Social PerformancePublished by Elsevier BV ,1967