Strategies to assess blood–brain barrier penetration
- 22 May 2008
- journal article
- Published by Informa Healthcare in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery
- Vol. 3 (6), 677-687
- https://doi.org/10.1517/17460441.3.6.677
Abstract
The principles and screening strategies for brain penetration in drug discovery are important in identifying drug candidates with desirable CNS properties. Define key variables and assays that are essential for determining brain penetration. This review covers issues, methods, and strategies for assessing brain penetration of small molecules in drug discovery. Brain penetration is assessed using both initial rate and extent at steady-state. Unbound drug is the active species that exerts pharmacological effects. Low brain penetration can be due to low blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux, or high plasma protein binding. Successful methods include: parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA)-BBB permeability, MDR1-MDCKII for Pgp efflux, B-P dialysis for fraction unbound, and in vivo B/P ratio to extrapolate unbound brain drug concentration.Keywords
This publication has 46 references indexed in Scilit:
- Strategies to advance translational research into brain barriersThe Lancet Neurology, 2008
- The highly permeable blood–brain barrier: an evaluation of current opinions about brain uptake capacityDrug Discovery Today, 2007
- Active targeting of brain tumors using nanocarriersBiomaterials, 2007
- Contribution of Carrier-Mediated Transport Systems to the Blood–Brain Barrier as a Supporting and Protecting Interface for the Brain; Importance for CNS Drug Discovery and DevelopmentPharmaceutical Research, 2007
- Blood–brain barrier delivery of protein and non-viral gene therapeutics with molecular Trojan horsesJournal of Controlled Release, 2007
- shRNA and siRNA delivery to the brainAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2007
- Blood–brain barrier deliveryDrug Discovery Today, 2006
- Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, the blood-brain barrier, and central nervous system drug discoveryNeuroRX, 2005
- Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates?Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2004
- High throughput artificial membrane permeability assay for blood–brain barrierEuropean Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2003