TOXICOLOGIC EVALUATION OF FLAVOR INGREDIENTS ADDED TO CIGARETTE TOBACCO: 13-WEEK INHALATION EXPOSURES IN RATS
- 1 January 1998
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Inhalation Toxicology
- Vol. 10 (4), 357-381
- https://doi.org/10.1080/089583798197718
Abstract
Over 170 flavoring ingredients commonly used in the manufacture of American-style blended cigarettes were evaluated in 4 subchronic nose-only smoke inhalation studies. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed 1 h/ day, 5 days/ wk, for 13 wk to smoke from cigarettes containing mixtures of flavor ingredients at target mainstream smoke particulate concentrations between 150 and 1200 mg/m 3. For comparison, separate groups of rats were exposed to smoke from nonflavored reference cigarettes of similar construction and tobacco blend, or to filtered air. Internal dose biomarkers (carboxyhemoglobin, serum nicotine, and serum cotinine) were measured during the studies to monitor smoke exposure. Effects typically noted in rats exposed to mainstream tobacco smoke were similar for both flavored and non-flavored cigarette types. Dose-related reductions in body weights, increased organ-to-body weight ratios for the heart and lungs, and a trend toward decreased blood glucose concentrations in males were noted in the smoke-exposed groups. Exposure-related histopathologic changes occurred only in the respiratory tract. These changes were primarily associated with epithelial tissue, and presented as hyperplasia and/or metaplasia in the nose and larynx. The anterior sections of the nose were more severely affected than were the more posterior regions. Macrophages and areas of epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the lungs of smoke-exposed animals. All smoke-related histopathologic effects diminished significantly during a 6-wk postexposure recovery period. The results indicate that theaddition of these flavoring ingredients to cigarette tobacco had no discernible effect on the character or extent of the biologic responses normally associated with inhalation of mainstream cigarette smoke in rats.Keywords
This publication has 11 references indexed in Scilit:
- Lung Tissue Responses and Sites of Particle Retention Differ between Rats and Cynomolgus Monkeys Exposed Chronically to Diesel Exhaust and Coal DustFundamental and Applied Toxicology, 1997
- THE CHANGING CIGARETTE, 1950-1995Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 1997
- Regional Differences in the Effects of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke on Stored Mucosubstances and DNA Synthesis in F344 Rat Nasal Respiratory EpitheliumToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1995
- Acute carbon monoxide poisoning in an animal model: the effects of altered glucose on morbidity and mortalityToxicology, 1993
- Histological Sectioning of the Rodent Larynx for Inhalation Toxicity TestingToxicologic Pathology, 1992
- Histologic changes in the respiratory tract induced by inhalation of xenobiotics: Physiologic adaptation or toxicity?Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1989
- Nose-Only Exposure of Rats to Carbon MonoxideInhalation Toxicology, 1989
- Chronic inhalation study in rats, using cigarettes containing different amounts of cytrell tobacco supplementToxicology, 1982
- Morphological Methods for Evaluation of Pulmonary Toxicity in AnimalsAnnual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1976
- Reversible Damage of Rat Upper Respiratory Tract Caused by Cigarette SmokeJAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 1974