Vertical distribution profiles and temporal growth patterns of roots in selected oilseeds, pulses and spring wheat
- 1 January 2011
- journal article
- editorial
- Published by CSIRO Publishing in Crop and Pasture Science
- Vol. 62 (6), 457-466
- https://doi.org/10.1071/cp10406
Abstract
Knowledge of rooting systems and their vertical distribution in the soil profile for field crops is required for designing crop rotation systems that allow for effective use of soil water and nutrients. This study determined the vertical distribution in the upper 100 cm of the soil profile and the temporal growth patterns of roots for three pulses (Cicer arietinum L. chickpea, Pisum sativum L. dry pea, and Lens culinaris Medik. lentil) and three oilseeds (napus canola, juncea mustard, and Linum usitatissimum flax) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crops were grown in 150-mm-diameter, 1-m-long lysimeters under low- (rainfall only) and high- (rainfall + irrigation) water availabilities in a 2-year (2006–07) field study, in Swift Current, Canada. Root volumes increased significantly from the seedling stage, reached the maximum at the late-flowering, and declined to maturity; this temporal growth pattern was independent with water availability. On average, ~44% of the root volume was in the top 20-cm soil layer, 70% in the top 40 cm, and 90% in the top 60 cm. About 5% of the roots in pulse crops were located below 60 cm in depth, significantly less than the 12% for wheat, 13% for mustard, and 18% for canola. Under low-water conditions, Brassica oilseeds had greater root volume (33 mm3 cm–3) than wheat (27 mm3 cm–3), but under high-water conditions, root volumes were 27 mm3 cm–3 for the Brassicas and 32 mm3 cm–3 for wheat. Pulses had greatest root volumes under both low- (40 mm3 cm–3) and high- (42 mm3 cm–3) water conditions, with largest root diameters among crops evaluated, whereas flax the smallest. Rotating the shallower but larger diameter, thicker-rooting pulses with deeper but smaller diameter, thinner-rooting oilseeds or wheat may increase water- and nutrient-use efficiency at the system level.Keywords
This publication has 44 references indexed in Scilit:
- Adaptation of alternative pulse and oilseed crops to the semiarid Canadian Prairie: Seed yield and water use efficiencyCanadian Journal of Plant Science, 2008
- Water deficit effects on root distribution of soybean, field pea and chickpeaField Crops Research, 2006
- Soil microbial populations and activities as influenced by legume green fallow in a semiarid climateSoil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005
- Root-to-straw ratios - influence of moisture and rate of N fertilizerCanadian Journal of Soil Science, 2001
- Root‐ and microbial‐derived mucilages affect soil structure and water transportEuropean Journal of Soil Science, 2000
- Organic C accumulation in soil over 30 years in semiarid southwestern Saskatchewan – Effect of crop rotations and fertilizersCanadian Journal of Soil Science, 2000
- Estimating shoot to root ratios and annual carbon inputs in soils for cereal cropsAgriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1997
- Comparative effects of grain lentil–wheat and monoculture wheat on crop production, N economy and N fertility in a Brown ChernozemCanadian Journal of Plant Science, 1992
- The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: the effect of sowing date and soil type on root growth of high-yielding cropsThe Journal of Agricultural Science, 1984
- Dryland cropping strategies for efficient water-use to control saline seeps in the Northern Great Plains, U.S.A.Agricultural Water Management, 1981