With the current interest in sustainable agricultural systems, the use of legumes in crop rotations to provide N to subsequent crops is increasing. The objective of this study was to quantify the N contribution from different alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plant parts to a subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) crop, various soil fractions, and a 2nd yr spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop. The study was conducted at two field locations in Michigan, on a Capac loam (fineloamy, mixed, mesic, Aerie Ochraqualf) in East Lansing (EL) and on an Oshtemo sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludalf) at the Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) in Hickory Corners. Alfalfa shoots and roots/crowns labeled with 15N were applied separately to microplots in Fall 1985 and Spring 1986 at a rate equivalent to 112 kg N ha−1. Corn was harvested and soil was sampled from all microplots in Fall 1986 and analyzed for 15N. Corn recovered 17 and 25% of the alfalfa-15N applied to the loam and sandy loam soils at ELand KBS, respectively. Alfalfa-15N remaining in soil averaged 46% of the initial input for both locations. Most (96%) of the alfalfa-15N remaining in soil was recovered in the organic fraction, with microbial biomass accounting for 18% of this recovery. More 15N was recovered by corn and in soil from alfalfa shoots than roots/crowns at both locations, and from spring-incorporated than fall-incorporated plant material on the loam soil. Only 1% of the alfalfa-15N from the original application was recovered by a 2nd yr spring barley crop at both locations