Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive pathogens in Saudi Arabia
- 1 June 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Informa UK Limited in Journal of Chemotherapy
- Vol. 24 (3), 125-136
- https://doi.org/10.1179/1973947812y.0000000010
Abstract
Several species of Gram-positive cocci are major nosocomial or community pathogens associated with morbidity and mortality. Here, we review the antimicrobial resistance among these pathogens in Saudi Arabia. In the last decades, antimicrobial resistance has increased among Staphylococcus aureus in the Kingdom with a growing prevalence of both nosocomial and community methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. As yet, no vancomycin-resistant MRSA have been reported, although isolates with reduced susceptibility to the drug have been noted. Currently, the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant entrococci (VRE) is low; however, VRE has been described in the Kingdom as well as Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates with high-level resistance to penicillin, sulfamethoxazole, macrolides, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides. In recent decades, the prevalence and rate of penicillin resistance and non-susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates have increased in Saudi Arabia. The organism remains, however, susceptible to other beta-lactams and to quinolones. On the other hand, resistance to co-trimoxazole and tetracyclines is high and resistance to macrolides is on the increase.Keywords
This publication has 94 references indexed in Scilit:
- Frequency and antibiotic susceptibility of gram-positive bacteria in Makkah hospitalsAnnals of Saudi Medicine, 2011
- First Detection of an Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Strain (D958) with Reduced Susceptibility to Glycopeptides in Saudi ArabiaJournal of Clinical Microbiology, 2010
- Molecular Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium : a Prospective, Multicenter Study in South American HospitalsJournal of Clinical Microbiology, 2010
- Infective endocarditis at a hospital in Saudi Arabia: epidemiology, bacterial pathogens and outcomeAnnals of Saudi Medicine, 2009
- Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimatesThe Lancet, 2009
- Implications of Streptococcus pneumoniae Penicillin Resistance and Serotype Distribution in Kuwait for Disease Treatment and PreventionClinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2008
- Trends in antibacterial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the USA: update from PROTEKT US Years 1–4Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2008
- Composite Structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae Containing the Erythromycin Efflux Resistance Gene mef (I) and the Chloramphenicol Resistance Gene catQAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007
- Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from major hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCanadian Journal of Microbiology, 2007
- Emergence of Multiply Resistant PneumococciNew England Journal of Medicine, 1978