Preliminary characterization of the oral microbiota of Chinese adults with and without gingivitis
Open Access
- 12 December 2011
- journal article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in BMC Oral Health
- Vol. 11 (1), 33
- https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-11-33
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting human mouth are associated with oral health and disease. Previous studies have indicated the general prevalence of adult gingivitis in China to be high. The aim of this study was to characterize in depth the oral microbiota of Chinese adults with or without gingivitis, by defining the microbial phylogenetic diversity and community-structure using highly paralleled pyrosequencing. Six non-smoking Chinese, three with and three without gingivitis (age range 21-39 years, 4 females and 2 males) were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study. Gingival parameters of inflammation and bleeding on probing were characterized by a clinician using the Mazza Gingival Index (MGI). Plaque (sampled separately from four different oral sites) and salivary samples were obtained from each subject. Sequences and relative abundance of the bacterial 16 S rDNA PCR-amplicons were determined via pyrosequencing that produced 400 bp-long reads. The sequence data were analyzed via a computational pipeline customized for human oral microbiome analyses. Furthermore, the relative abundances of selected microbial groups were validated using quantitative PCR. The oral microbiomes from gingivitis and healthy subjects could be distinguished based on the distinct community structures of plaque microbiomes, but not the salivary microbiomes. Contributions of community members to community structure divergence were statistically accessed at the phylum, genus and species-like levels. Eight predominant taxa were found associated with gingivitis: TM7, Leptotrichia, Selenomonas, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Prevotella, Lautropia, and Haemophilus. Furthermore, 98 species-level OTUs were identified to be gingivitis-associated, which provided microbial features of gingivitis at a species resolution. Finally, for the two selected genera Streptococcus and Fusobacterium, Real-Time PCR based quantification of relative bacterial abundance validated the pyrosequencing-based results. This methods study suggests that oral samples from this patient population of gingivitis can be characterized via plaque microbiome by pyrosequencing the 16 S rDNA genes. Further studies that characterize serial samples from subjects (longitudinal study design) with a larger population size may provide insight into the temporal and ecological features of oral microbial communities in clinically-defined states of gingivitis.Keywords
This publication has 63 references indexed in Scilit:
- UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detectionBioinformatics, 2011
- Bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of 10 healthy individualsThe ISME Journal, 2010
- Metagenomic study of the oral microbiota by Illumina high-throughput sequencingJournal of Microbiological Methods, 2009
- Wrinkles in the rare biosphere: pyrosequencing errors can lead to artificial inflation of diversity estimatesEnvironmental Microbiology, 2009
- Fast UniFrac: facilitating high-throughput phylogenetic analyses of microbial communities including analysis of pyrosequencing and PhyloChip dataThe ISME Journal, 2009
- Microbial community profiling for human microbiome projects: Tools, techniques, and challengesGenome Research, 2009
- Global diversity in the human salivary microbiomeGenome Research, 2009
- Accurate taxonomy assignments from 16S rRNA sequences produced by highly parallel pyrosequencersNucleic Acids Research, 2008
- Dissecting biological “dark matter” with single-cell genetic analysis of rare and uncultivated TM7 microbes from the human mouthProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007
- Molecular analysis of human forearm superficial skin bacterial biotaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007