Roles of FGF Signals in Heart Development, Health, and Disease
Open Access
- 18 October 2016
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
- Vol. 4, 110
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2016.00110
Abstract
The heart provides the body with oxygen and nutrients and assists in the removal of metabolic waste through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. It is the first organ to form during embryonic morphogenesis. FGFs with diverse functions in development, health, and disease are signaling proteins, mostly as paracrine growth factors or endocrine hormones. The human/mouse FGF family comprises 22 members. Findings obtained from mouse models and human diseases with FGF signaling disorders have indicated that several FGFs are involved in heart development, health, and disease. Paracrine FGFs including FGF8, FGF9, FGF10, and FGF16 act as paracrine signals in embryonic heart development. In addition, paracrine FGFs including FGF2, FGF9, FGF10, and FGF16 play roles as paracrine signals in postnatal heart pathophysiology. Although FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23 are typical endocrine FGFs, they mainly function as paracrine signals in heart development or pathophysiology. In heart diseases, serum FGF15/19 levels or FGF21 and FGF23 levels decrease or increase, respectively, indicating their possible roles in heart pathophysiology. FGF2 and FGF10 also stimulate the cardiac differentiation of cultured stem cells and cardiac reprogramming of cultured fibroblasts. These findings provide new insights into the roles of FGF signaling in the heart and potential therapeutic strategies for cardiac disorders.Keywords
Funding Information
- Kyoto University
This publication has 95 references indexed in Scilit:
- Endocrine Protection of Ischemic Myocardium by FGF21 from the Liver and Adipose TissueScientific Reports, 2013
- Additive relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor 21 level and coronary artery diseaseCardiovascular Diabetology, 2013
- Cytokines in Pericardial Effusion of Patients with Inflammatory Pericardial DiseaseMediators of Inflammation, 2012
- FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophyJCI Insight, 2011
- FGF10/FGFR2b signaling is essential for cardiac fibroblast development and growth of the myocardiumDevelopment, 2011
- Redundant and dosage sensitive requirements for Fgf3 and Fgf10 in cardiovascular developmentDevelopmental Biology, 2011
- The cardiokine story unfolds: ischemic stress-induced protein secretion in the heartTrends in Molecular Medicine, 2011
- Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem CellsPLOS ONE, 2010
- Research Resource: Comprehensive Expression Atlas of the Fibroblast Growth Factor System in Adult MouseMolecular Endocrinology, 2010
- Role of Mesodermal FGF8 and FGF10 Overlaps in the Development of the Arterial Pole of the Heart and Pharyngeal Arch ArteriesCirculation Research, 2010