Structural basis for allosteric regulation of human ribonucleotide reductase by nucleotide-induced oligomerization
Open Access
- 20 February 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
- Vol. 18 (3), 316-322
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2007
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase is essential to maintain the cellular pools of dNTPs, and its activity is controlled allosterically by ATP (activator) and dATP (inhibitor). Now crystal and EM structures of human and yeast ribonucleotide reductase 1 in complex with different nucleotides, together with mutagenesis and functional analysis, reveal how dATP binding induces hexamerization and consequence inhibition of the enzyme. Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is an αnβn (RR1–RR2) complex that maintains balanced dNTP pools by reducing NDPs to dNDPs. RR1 is the catalytic subunit, and RR2 houses the free radical required for catalysis. RR is allosterically regulated by its activator ATP and its inhibitor dATP, which regulate RR activity by inducing oligomerization of RR1. Here, we report the first X-ray structures of human RR1 bound to TTP alone, dATP alone, TTP–GDP, TTP–ATP, and TTP–dATP. These structures provide insights into regulation of RR by ATP or dATP. At physiological dATP concentrations, RR1 forms inactive hexamers. We determined the first X-ray structure of the RR1–dATP hexamer and used single-particle electron microscopy to visualize the α6–ββ′–dATP holocomplex. Site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays confirm that hexamerization is a prerequisite for inhibition by dATP. Our data indicate a mechanism for regulating RR activity by dATP-induced oligomerization.This publication has 48 references indexed in Scilit:
- Enhanced subunit interactions with gemcitabine-5′-diphosphate inhibit ribonucleotide reductasesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007
- Proton-coupled electron transfer: the mechanistic underpinning for radical transport and catalysis in biologyPhilosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 2006
- The First Holocomplex Structure of Ribonucleotide Reductase Gives New Insight into its Mechanism of ActionJournal of Molecular Biology, 2006
- Comprehensive Model for Allosteric Regulation of Mammalian Ribonucleotide Reductase: Refinements and ConsequencesBiochemistry, 2003
- The crystal structure of class II ribonucleotide reductase reveals how an allosterically regulated monomer mimics a dimerNature Structural & Molecular Biology, 2002
- Structure of ribonucleotide reductase protein R1Nature, 1994
- Ribonucleotide reductases and their occurrence in microorganisms: A link to the RNA/DNA transitionFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 1993
- Mechanism of Assembly of the Tyrosyl Radical-Dinuclear Iron Cluster Cofactor of Ribonucleotide ReductaseScience, 1991
- The interpretation of protein structures: Estimation of static accessibilityJournal of Molecular Biology, 1971
- Role of effector binding in allosteric control of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductaseJournal of Molecular Biology, 1969