Peripheral artery disease: epidemiology and global perspectives
- 17 November 2016
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Reviews Cardiology
- Vol. 14 (3), 156-170
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.179
Abstract
Global populations are undergoing a major epidemiological transition in which the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is shifting rapidly from high-income to low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is no exception, so that greater focus is now required on the prevention and management of this disease in less-advantaged countries. In this Review, we examine the epidemiology of PAD and, where feasible, take a global perspective. However, the dearth of publications in LMICs means an unavoidable over-reliance on studies in high-income countries. Research to date suggests that PAD might affect a greater proportion of women than men in LMICs. Although factors such as poverty, industrialization, and infection might conceivably influence the development of PAD in such settings, the ageing of the population and increase in traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, are likely to be the main driving forces.Keywords
This publication has 155 references indexed in Scilit:
- Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010The Lancet, 2013
- Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010The Lancet, 2013
- Genetic determinants of the ankle-brachial index: A meta-analysis of a cardiovascular candidate gene 50K SNP panel in the candidate gene association resource (CARe) consortiumAtherosclerosis, 2012
- Survival in Patients With Poorly Compressible Leg ArteriesJournal of the American College of Cardiology, 2012
- Association of Body Mass Index With Peripheral Arterial Disease in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health StudyAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 2011
- Assessment of functional status and quality of life in claudicationJournal of Vascular Surgery, 2011
- Ethnicity and risk factors for change in the ankle-brachial index: The Multi-Ethnic Study of AtherosclerosisJournal of Vascular Surgery, 2009
- Associations of Borderline and Low Normal Ankle-Brachial Index Values With Functional Decline at 5-Year Follow-Up: The WALCS (Walking and Leg Circulation Study)Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009
- Ankle Brachial Index Combined With Framingham Risk Score to Predict Cardiovascular Events and MortalityPublished by American Medical Association (AMA) ,2008
- Does activation of the blood coagulation cascade have a role in malaria pathogenesis?Trends in Parasitology, 2008