The retrograde approach to coronary artery chronic total occlusions

Abstract
The retrograde approach has revolutionized the treatment of chronic total occlusions. Several retrograde techniques have recently been described. In this article, we present a practical review with step‐by‐step instructions on the indications for retrograde interventions, equipment and retrograde channel selection, and techniques for retrograde crossing and treatment of chronic total occlusions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

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