Cerebral Hemodynamic Response to the Introduction of Desflurane: A Comparison with Sevoflurane

Abstract

Rapid increases in the inspired concentration of desflurane cause transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Desflurane also impairs cerebral autoregulation at clinical concentrations. Sevoflurane does not share these hemodynamic side effects. We compared the cerebral and systemic hemodynamic responses to the introduction of desflurane or sevoflurane after the induction of anesthesia with propofol. Twenty healthy adult patients scheduled for nonneurological surgery were recruited. After the induction of anesthesia with propofol, either desflurane or sevoflurane (n = 10 per group) was introduced at 7.2% or 2.2%, respectively, and increased to 10.8% or 3.3%, respectively, 2 min later. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity was measured continuously by using a 2-MHz transcranial Doppler ultrasound probe. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at 1-min intervals during the 12-min study period. Those patients receiving desflurane had significantly greater middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities, heart rates, and blood pressures than those receiving sevoflurane (P < 0.01). The introduction of desflurane after the induction of anesthesia leads to significant disturbances in cerebral and systemic hemodynamics suggesting loss of cerebral autoregulation and cerebral hyperemia. This may have implications for patients undergoing anesthesia for intracranial surgery.