Weather conditions and daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy: protoporphyrin IX-weighted daylight doses measured in six geographical locations
- 4 August 2012
- journal article
- photobiology
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in British Journal of Dermatology
- Vol. 168 (1), 186-191
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11200.x
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancers and actinic keratoses (AKs). Daylight-mediated methyl aminolaevulinate PDT (daylight-PDT) is a simple and painless treatment procedure for PDT. All daylight-PDT studies have been performed in the Nordic countries. To be able to apply these results in other parts of the world we have to compare the daily protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) light dose in other countries with the PpIX light doses found in Nordic countries. Objectives To calculate where and when daylight-PDT of AKs was possible in six different geographical locations using ground stations measuring PpIX-weighted daylight doses. Methods PpIX-weighted daylight doses were measured using a dosimeter with a customer-specific photodiode with a detector sensitivity that mimics the PpIX absorption spectrum and measures in ‘PpIX doses’. The dosimeters were built into ground stations that were placed in six geographical locations measuring from July to December 2008. Temperature data for each location were obtained from the internet. The maximal ultraviolet (UV) index for Copenhagen was obtained for the measuring period of the dosimeters. Results If the PpIX light dose should be above 8 J cm−2 and the maximum temperature of the day at least 10 °C, it was possible to treat patients on nearly all days until the middle of September in Reykjavik and Oslo, until the last week of October in Copenhagen and Regensburg, until the middle of November in Turin and all year in Israel. Conclusions Where and when to perform daylight-PDT depends on the PpIX light dose and outdoor temperature. The PpIX light dose was influenced by the geographical location (latitude), weather condition and time of year. The UV index was not more suitable than temperature and weather to predict if the intensity of daylight would be sufficient for daylight-PDT.Keywords
This publication has 14 references indexed in Scilit:
- Continuous ultra‐low‐intensity artificial daylight is not as effective as red LED light in photodynamic therapy of multiple actinic keratosesPhotodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 2011
- A randomized, multicentre study of directed daylight exposure times of 1½ vs. 2½ h in daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate in patients with multiple thin actinic keratoses of the face and scalpBritish Journal of Dermatology, 2011
- Comparative study between cold air analgesia and supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve block for the management of pain during photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses of the frontotemporal zoneBritish Journal of Dermatology, 2009
- Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with 8% and 16% methyl aminolaevulinate and home-based daylight exposure: a double-blinded randomized clinical trialBritish Journal of Dermatology, 2009
- Pain during photodynamic therapy is associated with protoporphyrin IX fluorescence and fluence rateBritish Journal of Dermatology, 2008
- Continuous activation of PpIX by daylight is as effective as and less painful than conventional photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses; a randomized, controlled, single-blinded studyBritish Journal of Dermatology, 2008
- Intraindividual, right-left comparison of topical methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy and cryotherapy in subjects with actinic keratoses: a multicentre, randomized controlled studyBritish Journal of Dermatology, 2006
- The influence of temperature on photodynamic cell killing in vitro with 5-aminolevulinic acidJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2006
- Miniature Personal Electronic UVR Dosimeter with Erythema Response and Time‐stamped Readings in a WristwatchPhotochemistry and Photobiology, 2005
- Temperature Effect on Accumulation of Protoporphyrin IX After Topical Application of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and its Methylester and Hexylester Derivatives in Normal Mouse Skin¶Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2002