Continuous-wave laser generation at ~21 µm in Ho:KRE(WO_4)_2 (RE = Y, Gd, Lu) crystals: a comparative study

Abstract
The laser performance of the monoclinic Ho:RE(WO4)2 (RE = Y, Gd, Lu) crystals is compared under identical experimental conditions. The comparison deals with the laser transition of Ho3+ at ~2.1µm by using two different pump sources, a diode laser operating at 1941 nm and a diode-pumped Tm:KLu(WO4)2 laser operating at 1946 nm. The results show internal slope efficiencies of ~60% and output powers exceeding 400 mW. The laser performance of Ho:KY(WO4)2 and Ho:KLu(WO4)2 is quite similar and superior to Ho:KGd(WO4)2.