Magnetic resonance imaging-defined areas of microvascular obstruction after acute myocardial infarction represent microvascular destruction and haemorrhage
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Open Access
- 17 April 2013
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in European Heart Journal
- Vol. 34 (30), 2346-2353
- https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht100
Abstract
Lack of gadolinium-contrast wash-in on first-pass perfusion imaging, early gadolinium-enhanced imaging, or late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging after revascularized ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is commonly referred to as microvascular obstruction (MVO). Additionally, T2-weighted imaging allows for the visualization of infarct-related oedema and intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH) within the infarction. However, the exact histopathological correlate of the contrast-devoid core and its relation to IMH is unknown. In eight Yorkshire swine, the circumflex coronary artery was occluded for 75 min by a balloon catheter. After 7 days, CMR with cine imaging, T2-weighted turbospinecho, and LGE was performed. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance images were compared with histological findings after phosphotungstic acid–haematoxylin and anti-CD31/haematoxylin staining. These findings were compared with CMR findings in 27 consecutive PCI-treated STEMI patients, using the same scanning protocol. In the porcine model, the infarct core contained extensive necrosis and erythrocyte extravasation, without intact vasculature and hence, no MVO. The surrounding—gadolinium-enhanced—area contained granulation tissue, leucocyte infiltration, and necrosis with morphological intact microvessels containing microthrombi, without erythrocyte extravasation. Areas with IMH (median size 1.92 [0.36–5.25] cm3) and MVO (median size 2.19 [0.40–4.58] cm3) showed close anatomic correlation [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.85, r = 0.85, P = 0.03]. Of the 27 STEMI patients, 15 had IMH (median size 6.60 [2.49–9.79] cm3) and 16 had MVO (median size 4.31 [1.05–7.57] cm3). Again, IMH and MVO showed close anatomic correlation (ICC 0.87, r = 0.93, P < 0.001). The contrast-devoid core of revascularized STEMI contains extensive erythrocyte extravasation with microvascular damage. Attenuating the reperfusion-induced haemorrhage may be a novel target in future adjunctive STEMI treatment.This publication has 37 references indexed in Scilit:
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