Epidemiologic Study of Guillain-Barre Syndrome in Children <15 Years of Age in Latin America

Abstract

In 1986, surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases among children < 15 years of age was implemented in Latin America as part of the initiative to eradicate poliomyelitis from the Western Hemisphere. Data on AFP, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), could be analyzed from a regional registry system and from specific GBS studies in seven countries. Between 1989 and 1991, 3112 cases of GBS were reported in Latin America, representing 52% of all non polio AFP cases. From the studies in seven countries, a total of 1527 GBS cases (49%) were studied, representing an overall annual incidence rate of 0.91/100,000 children < 15 years old. Follow-up investigations showed a persistent muscular weakness at 60 days, 6 months, and 1 year after onset in 61%, 14%, and 10% of children, respectively. This study confirms that with the disappearance of polio, GBS arises as the most common cause of AFP.