Phasercrystallographic software

Abstract

Phaseris a program for phasing macromolecular crystal structures by both molecular replacement and experimental phasing methods. The novel phasing algorithms implemented inPhaserhave been developed using maximum likelihood and multivariate statistics. For molecular replacement, the new algorithms have proved to be significantly better than traditional methods in discriminating correct solutions from noise, and for single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experimental phasing, the new algorithms, which account for correlations betweenF⁺andF⁻, give better phases (lower mean phase error with respect to the phases given by the refined structure) than those that use meanFand anomalous differences ΔF. One of the design concepts ofPhaserwas that it be capable of a high degree of automation. To this end,Phaser(written in C++) can be called directly from Python, although it can also be called using traditionalCCP4keyword-style input.Phaseris a platform for future development of improved phasing methods and their release, including source code, to the crystallographic community.