Insufficiency of Thyroid Hormone in Frog Metamorphosis and the Role of Glucocorticoids
Open Access
- 9 May 2019
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Vol. 10, 287
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00287
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is the most important hormone in frog metamorphosis, a developmental process which will not occur in the absence of TH but can be induced precociously by exogenous TH. However, such treatments including in-vitro TH treatments often do not replicate the events of natural metamorphosis in many organs, including lung, brain, blood, intestine, pancreas, tail, and skin. A potential explanation for the discrepancy between natural and TH-induced metamorphosis is the involvement of glucocorticoids (GCs). GCs are not able to advance development by themselves but can modulate the rate of developmental progress induced by TH via increased tissue sensitivity to TH. Global gene expression analyses and endocrine experiments suggest that GCs may also have direct actions required for completion of metamorphosis independent of their effects on TH signaling. Here, we provide a new review and analysis of the requirement and necessity of TH signaling in light of recent insights from gene knockout frogs. We also examine the independent and interactive roles GCs play in regulating morphological and molecular metamorphic events dependent upon TH.Keywords
This publication has 116 references indexed in Scilit:
- Liganded Thyroid Hormone Receptor Induces Nucleosome Removal and Histone Modifications to Activate Transcription during Larval Intestinal Cell Death and Adult Stem Cell DevelopmentEndocrinology, 2012
- Higher thyroid hormone receptor expression correlates with short larval periods in spadefoot toads and increases metamorphic rateGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, 2011
- Transdifferentiation of tadpole pancreatic acinar cells to duct cells mediated by Notch and stromelysin-3Developmental Biology, 2011
- Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid synergy with thyroid hormone during tadpole metamorphosisGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, 2010
- Molecular and genetic studies suggest that thyroid hormone receptor is both necessary and sufficient to mediate the developmental effects of thyroid hormoneGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, 2010
- Identification of Direct Thyroid Hormone Response Genes Reveals the Earliest Gene Regulation Programs during Frog MetamorphosisOnline Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2009
- Dual Functions of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Vertebrate Development: The Roles of Histone-Modifying Cofactor ComplexesThyroid®, 2009
- Cell–cell interactions during remodeling of the intestine at metamorphosis in Xenopus laevisDevelopmental Biology, 2009
- Cellular and Molecular Basis of Deiodinase-Regulated Thyroid Hormone Signaling1Endocrine Reviews, 2008
- Remodeling the exocrine pancreas at metamorphosis in Xenopus laevisProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008