Synthesis of Well-Ordered COF Monolayers: Surface Growth of Nanocrystalline Precursors versus Direct On-Surface Polycondensation
Top Cited Papers
- 31 October 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in ACS Nano
- Vol. 5 (12), 9737-9745
- https://doi.org/10.1021/nn2032616
Abstract
Two different straightforward synthetic approaches are presented to fabricate long-range-ordered monolayers of a covalent organic framework (COF) on an inert, catalytically inactive graphite surface. Boronic acid condensation (dehydration) is employed as the polymerization reaction. In the first approach, the monomer is prepolymerized by a mere thermal treatment into nanocrystalline precursor COFs. The precursors are then deposited by drop-casting onto a graphite substrate and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). While in the precursors monomers are already covalently interlinked into the final COF structure, the resulting domain size is still rather small. We show that a thermal treatment under reversible reaction conditions facilitates on-surface ripening associated with a striking increase of the domain size. Although this first approach allows studying different stages of the polymerization, the direct polymerization, that is, without the necessity of preceding reaction steps, is desirable. We demonstrate that even for a comparatively small diboronic acid monomer a direct thermally activated polymerization into extended COF monolayers is achievable.Keywords
This publication has 58 references indexed in Scilit:
- Lewis acid-catalysed formation of two-dimensional phthalocyanine covalent organic frameworksNature Chemistry, 2010
- Towards two-dimensional nanoporous networks: crystal engineering at the solid–liquid interfaceCrystEngComm, 2010
- Molecular and Supramolecular Networks on Surfaces: From Two‐Dimensional Crystal Engineering to ReactivityAngewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2009
- Porphyrin-Based Two-Dimensional Coordination Kagome Lattice Self-Assembled on a Au(111) SurfaceJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2009
- A Belt‐Shaped, Blue Luminescent, and Semiconducting Covalent Organic FrameworkAngewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2008
- One Building Block, Two Different Supramolecular Surface‐Confined Patterns: Concentration in Control at the Solid–Liquid InterfaceAngewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2008
- Reticular Synthesis of Microporous and Mesoporous 2D Covalent Organic FrameworksJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2007
- Porous, Crystalline, Covalent Organic FrameworksScience, 2005
- Self-Assembly of Trimesic Acid at the Liquid−Solid Interfacea Study of Solvent-Induced PolymorphismLangmuir, 2005
- Ordered nanoporous arrays of carbon supporting high dispersions of platinum nanoparticlesNature, 2001