One-Year Comparison of a High–Monounsaturated Fat Diet With a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Type 2 Diabetes
Open Access
- 1 February 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Diabetes Association in Diabetes Care
- Vol. 32 (2), 215-220
- https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-0687
Abstract
OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high–monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets on body weight and glycemic control in men and women with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Overweight/obese participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 124, age = 56.5 ± 0.8 years, BMI = 35.9 ± 0.3 kg/m2, and A1C = 7.3 ± 0.1%) were randomly assigned to 1 year of a high-MUFA or high-CHO diet. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 months of dieting. RESULTS—Baseline characteristics were similar between the treatment groups. The overall retention rate for 1 year was 77% (69% for the high-MUFA group and 84% for the high-CHO group; P = 0.06). Based on food records, both groups had similar energy intake but a significant difference in MUFA intake. Both groups had similar weight loss over 1 year (−4.0 ± 0.8 vs. −3.8 ± 0.6 kg) and comparable improvement in body fat, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, A1C, and fasting glucose and insulin. There were no differences in these parameters between the groups. A follow-up assessment of a subset of participants (n = 36) was conducted 18 months after completion of the 52-week diet. These participants maintained their weight loss and A1C during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS—In individuals with type 2 diabetes, high-MUFA diets are an alternative to conventional lower-fat, high-CHO diets with comparable beneficial effects on body weight, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and glycemic control.Keywords
This publication has 24 references indexed in Scilit:
- A Large Randomized Individual and Group Intervention Conducted by Registered Dietitians Increased Adherence to Mediterranean-Type Diets: The PREDIMED StudyJournal of the American Dietetic Association, 2008
- Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat DietNew England Journal of Medicine, 2008
- Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Diagnosed Diabetes in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004Annals of Epidemiology, 2008
- Long-term effects of a diet loosely restricting carbohydrates on HbA1c levels, BMI and tapering of sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes: A 2-year follow-up studyDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2008
- Scientific Evidence of Interventions Using the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic ReviewNutrition Reviews, 2006
- Effect of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction and Markers of Vascular Inflammation in the Metabolic SyndromeJama-Journal Of The American Medical Association, 2004
- Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related ComplicationsDiabetes Care, 2002
- A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adultsInternational Journal of Obesity, 2001
- Potentiation of effects of weight loss by monounsaturated fatty acids in obese NIDDM patientsDiabetes, 1996
- Long-term exposure of rat pancreatic islets to fatty acids inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion and biosynthesis through a glucose fatty acid cycle.JCI Insight, 1994