The Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Executive Dysfunction Independent of Subclinical Ischemic Brain Lesions in Japanese Adults

Abstract

Background/Aims: The aim of this study is to examine whether metabolic syndrome is directly associated with cognitive impairment independent of subclinical ischemic brain lesions. Methods: We examined 1,543 neurologically normal subjects (44–86 years of age). Metabolic syndrome, brain MRI, and cognitive functions including general cognition and executive function were assessed. Results: After adjusting for silent brain lesions and demographic risk factors, metabolic syndrome was an independent risk factor for impairment of executive function (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.17–1.25 for Kohs’ Test; OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.64–3.07 for Frontal Assessment Battery). Among the components of metabolic syndrome, elevated fasting glucose was the only independent risk factor for impairment of executive function. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is associated with impairment of executive function independent of silent brain lesions in the Japanese population.