Prognosis for Patients with Prenatally Diagnosed Posterior Urethral Valves

Abstract

Children in whom posterior urethral valves are diagnosed shortly after birth are at higher risk for renal failure than children in whom posterior urethral valves are diagnosed later in life. The influence of prenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valves on clinical outcome has not been established. We collected data on children with posterior urethral valves treated since birth at our hospital between 1975 and 1990. The clinical outcomes for 8 patients diagnosed prenatally and 15 diagnosed neonatally were compared. Of the 8 patients in the prenatal group 5 (64%) had renal failure compared to 5 of 15 (33%) in the neonatal group (p >0.05). Nadir creatinine of more than 1.2 mg./dl. correlated with the development of renal failure in all patients in the neonatal and prenatal groups. There was 1 death in the prenatal group. In our experience prenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valves has grave implications, including a 64% incidence of progressive renal failure and a 64% incidence of transient pulmonary failure. Oligohydramnios and postnatal pulmonary insufficiency are predictive of progressive renal failure. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of children with posterior urethral valves did not improve the clinical prognosis.