A Retrospective, Case-Control Study of Acyclovir Resistance in Herpes Simplex Virus
Open Access
- 1 August 2005
- journal article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Vol. 41 (3), 320-326
- https://doi.org/10.1086/431585
Abstract
Background. Occasional cases of acyclovir resistance have been documented in the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Thirty-eight subjects with acyclovir-resistant infections were identified in an epidemiological surveillance program involving 1811 HSV-infected subjects in France. Methods. Twenty-three index cases from whom acyclovir-resistant HSV strains had been isolated were compared with 46 control subjects matched for immunological status. Sociodemographic characteristics, features of the acyclovir-resistant HSV episode, history of HSV infection, treatment, outcome, and immunological history were recorded. Results. Twenty-two index case patients presented with immunodepression. Sixty-five percent reported clinically manifest recurrences, compared with 33% of matched control subjects. Significantly more index case patients had used antiviral drugs, and they had used them more often than had control subjects. However, 26.1% of index case patients reported no antiviral exposure in the previous 2 years. Two-thirds of the strains recovered from the index case patients were isolated because of suspicion of clinical resistance to acyclovir. Conclusions. Clinical treatment resistance is associated with acyclovir-resistant HSV strains, but acyclovir-resistant strains were also isolated from treatment-naive subjects.Keywords
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