Initial and long‐term crestal bone responses to modern dental implants
Top Cited Papers
- 21 December 2016
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Periodontology 2000
- Vol. 73 (1), 41-50
- https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12176
Abstract
Successful osseointegration is the result of a controlled foreign body reaction to dental implants. Osseointegrated implants have demonstrated excellent long-term survivability, although they may be subject to limited marginal bone loss. Marginal bone loss during the first few years after implant placement seldom represents disease, but is instead the result of an adaptive bone response to surgical trauma and implant loading. It is not uncommon for implants with early marginal bone loss to enter a long-lasting state of bone stability. Extensive bone resorption after the first year is generally due to an exacerbation of adverse body reactions caused by non-optimal implant components, adverse surgery or prosthodontics and/or compromised patient factors. Disease in the form of peri-implantitis is a late complication that affects some implants with suppuration and rapid loss of crestal bone, and is probably caused by bacterial pathogens and immunological reactions. Unfortunately, the literature is not consistent with respect to the type or magnitude of clinical implant problems, including how they are defined and diagnosed. If the peri-implantitis diagnosis is confined to cases with infection, suppuration and significant bone loss, the frequency of the disease is relatively low, which is in sharp contrast to the frequencies reported with unrealistic definitions of peri-implantitis. We suggest that when modern implants are placed by properly trained individuals, only 1–2% of implants show true peri-implantitis during follow-up periods of 10 years or more. Peri-implantitis must be separated from the initial and self-limiting marginal bone loss.Keywords
This publication has 49 references indexed in Scilit:
- Is Marginal Bone Loss around Oral Implants the Result of a Provoked Foreign Body Reaction?Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 2013
- Long‐Term Clinical, Microbiological, and Radiographic Outcomes of Brånemark™ Implants Installed in Augmented Maxillary Bone for Fixed Full‐Arch RehabilitationClinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 2011
- Foreign body reaction to biomaterialsSeminars in Immunology, 2008
- Short‐term clinical results of Nobel Direct implants: a retrospective multicentre analysisClinical Oral Implants Research, 2008
- Direct loading of Nobel Direct® and Nobel Perfect® one‐piece implants: a 1‐year prospective clinical and radiographic studyClinical Oral Implants Research, 2007
- Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systemsNature Reviews Immunology, 2007
- Titanium release from implants prepared with different surface roughnessClinical Oral Implants Research, 2004
- IS SURGICAL SKILL MORE IMPORTANT FOR CLINICAL SUCCESS THAN CHANGES IN IMPLANT HARDWARE?Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 2001
- A comparison between cutting torque and resonance frequency measurements of maxillary implants: A 20-month clinical studyInternational Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 1999
- A comparison between cutting torque and resonance frequency measurements of maxillary implants. A 20-month clinical studyInternational Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 1999