Invited Review: Genes Involved in the Bovine Heat Stress Response
- 1 February 2008
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Dairy Science Association in Journal of Dairy Science
- Vol. 91 (2), 445-454
- https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0540
Abstract
The cellular heat stress (HS) response is one component of the acute systemic response to HS. Gene networks within and across cells and tissues respond to environmental heat loads above the thermoneutral zone with both intra- and extracellular signals that coordinate cellular and whole-animal metabolism. Activation of these systems appears to be initiated at skin surface temperatures exceeding 35 degrees C as animals begin to store heat and rapidly increase evaporative heat loss (EVHL) mechanisms. Gene expression changes include 1) activation of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1); 2) increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) and decreased expression and synthesis of other proteins; 3) increased glucose and amino acid oxidation and reduced fatty acid metabolism; 4) endocrine system activation of the stress response; and 5) immune system activation via extracellular secretion of HSP. If the stress persists, these gene expression changes lead to an altered physiological state referred to as "acclimation," a process largely controlled by the endocrine system. In the acclimated state, metabolism is adjusted to minimize detrimental effects of increased thermal heat load. The role of secreted HSP in feedback regulation of the immune and endocrine system has not yet been investigated. The variation in EVHL among animals and the central role that HSF1 has in coordinating thermal tolerance suggest that there is opportunity to improve thermal tolerance via gene manipulation. Determining the basis for altered energy metabolism during thermal stress will lead to opportunities for improved animal performance via altered nutritional management.Keywords
This publication has 49 references indexed in Scilit:
- Leptin downregulates heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) gene expression in chicken liver and hypothalamusCell and tissue research, 2007
- Differential expression of multiple anti‐apoptotic proteins in epidermis of IGF‐1 transgenic mice as revealed by 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry analysisMolecular Carcinogenesis, 2007
- The slick hair coat locus maps to chromosome 20 in Senepol‐derived cattleAnimal Genetics, 2007
- Genome-wide analysis of human HSF1 signaling reveals a transcriptional program linked to cellular adaptation and survivalMolecular BioSystems, 2006
- Heat shock protein 72 overexpression protects against hyperthermia, circulatory shock, and cerebral ischemia during heatstrokeJournal of Applied Physiology, 2006
- Induction of physiological thermotolerance in MDCK monolayers: contribution of heat shock protein 70Cell Stress and Chaperones, 2006
- Human resting extracellular heat shock protein 72 concentration decreases during the initial adaptation to exercise in a hot, humid environmentCell Stress and Chaperones, 2006
- Adrenergic receptors mediate stress-induced elevations in extracellular Hsp72Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005
- The Role of Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 in the Genome-wide Regulation of the Mammalian Heat Shock ResponseMolecular Biology of the Cell, 2004
- Heat acclimation: phenotypic plasticity and cues to the underlying molecular mechanismsJournal of Thermal Biology, 2001