Oxidative stress: the vulnerable β-cell
Open Access
- 21 May 2008
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Portland Press Ltd. in Biochemical Society Transactions
- Vol. 36 (3), 343-347
- https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0360343
Abstract
Antioxidative defence mechanisms of pancreatic β-cells are particularly weak and can be overwhelmed by redox imbalance arising from overproduction of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. The consequences of this redox imbalance are lipid peroxidation, oxidation of proteins, DNA damage and interference of reactive species with signal transduction pathways, which contribute significantly to β-cell dysfunction and death in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Reactive oxygen species, superoxide radicals (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and, in a final iron-catalysed reaction step, the most reactive and toxic hydroxyl radicals (OH•) are produced during both pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated β-cell attack in Type 1 diabetes and glucolipotoxicity-mediated β-cell dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes. In combination with NO•, which is toxic in itself, as well as through its reaction with the O2•− and subsequent formation of peroxynitrite, reactive species play a central role in β-cell death during the deterioration of glucose tolerance in the development of diabetes.Keywords
This publication has 30 references indexed in Scilit:
- Interaction between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in insulin-producing cellsJournal of Endocrinology, 2008
- The mechanisms of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetesDiabetologia, 2007
- Reactive Oxygen Species as a Signal in Glucose-Stimulated Insulin SecretionDiabetes, 2007
- Interferon-γ potentiates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced death by reducing pancreatic beta cell defence mechanismsDiabetologia, 2006
- Immune Cell Infiltration, Cytokine Expression, and β-Cell Apoptosis During the Development of Type 1 Diabetes in the Spontaneously Diabetic LEW.1AR1/Ztm-iddmRatDiabetes, 2005
- Oxidative stress: molecular perception and transduction of signals triggering antioxidant gene defensesBrazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2005
- Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen speciesJournal Of Physiology-London, 2003
- A choice of death - the signal-transduction of immune-mediated beta-cell apoptosisDiabetologia, 2001
- Relation Between Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression and Antioxidative Defense Status of Insulin-Producing CellsDiabetes, 1997
- Low antioxidant enzyme gene expression in pancreatic islets compared with various other mouse tissuesFree Radical Biology & Medicine, 1996