Low and Undetectable Breast Milk Interleukin-7 Concentrations Are Associated With Reduced Risk of Postnatal HIV Transmission
- 1 October 2007
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
- Vol. 46 (2), 200-207
- https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e318141f942
Abstract
To investigate if breast milk interleukin [IL]-7 concentrations are associated with postnatal HIV transmission. A case-control study nested within a cohort of women recruited in Lusaka, Zambia. IL-7 breast milk concentrations were measured in samples from 24 HIV-infected breast-feeding women who transmitted HIV to their child after the neonatal period and from 47 women who did not transmit. Samples were frequency-matched by the time of sample collection (1 week and 1 month postpartum). Logistic regression was used to adjust for possible confounders. For comparison, samples from 18 HIV-uninfected women from the same community were included in the analysis, and plasma IL-7 was determined. Breast milk IL-7 concentrations were significantly higher than plasma IL-7 concentrations in all 3 groups. In contrast to levels among transmitters and HIV-uninfected women, breast milk IL-7 concentrations exhibited a bimodal distribution among nontransmitters. Breast milk IL-7 concentrations undetectable or less than 30 pg/mL were significantly associated with less HIV transmission (odds ratio = 0.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.03 to 0.64). The association remained strong after adjustment for breast milk viral load and sodium, maternal CD4 cell counts, parity, and time of sample collection. Breast milk IL-7 may be necessary for effective HIV transmission.Keywords
This publication has 49 references indexed in Scilit:
- Nested Case–Control Study of Cervical Mucosal Lesions, Ectopy, and Incident HIV Infection Among Women in Cape Town, South AfricaSexually Transmitted Diseases, 2006
- IL-7 exacerbates chronic colitis with expansion of memory IL-7RhighCD4+mucosal T cells in miceAmerican Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2005
- Issues in the design of a clinical trial with a behavioral intervention—the Zambia exclusive breast-feeding studyControlled Clinical Trials, 2004
- IL-7 surface-engineered lentiviral vectors promote survival and efficient gene transfer in resting primary T lymphocytesBlood, 2003
- Interleukin-7 Induces Expression of Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 with Minimal Effects on T-Cell PhenotypeJournal of Virology, 2002
- IL-7 and CD4+ T-cell proliferationBlood, 2002
- Modalities of Interleukin-7-Induced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Permissiveness in Quiescent T LymphocytesJournal of Virology, 2002
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+T Cells in Human Breast MilkJournal of Virology, 2002
- Interleukin-7: master regulator of peripheral T-cell homeostasis?Trends in Immunology, 2001
- Histologic Development of Cervical EctopySexually Transmitted Diseases, 2000