Enthalpy−Entropy Compensation Reveals Solvent Reorganization as a Driving Force for Supramolecular Encapsulation in Water

Abstract

A chiral self-assembled M4L6 host assembly has been shown to be a suitable host for the supramolecular encapsulation of a series of guests in polar solvents, ranging from simple organic ammonium cations to more complex organometallic species. This molecular recognition process creates highly selective reactivity within the host cavity. In order to understand the factors driving the molecular recognition process, the standard thermodynamic parameters for encapsulation were determined for a series of protiated and fluorinated iridium guests in a variety of polar solvents using van't Hoff analysis. The encapsulation process for these guests exhibited enthalpy-entropy compensation effects. In solvents such as water and methanol, error analysis suggests a chemical origin for this behavior. In contrast, error analysis of this compensation behavior in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide reveals that this correlation is due to an artifact inherent in the intrinsic correlation between the enthalpy and entropy terms in the van't Hoff analysis. Guest encapsulation in polar protic solvents such as water appears to be driven by initial desolvation of the guest with concomitant rearrangement of the hydrogen bond networks in solution. This behavior shares common characteristics with other synthetic and natural host-guest and molecular recognition processes in aqueous solution, ranging from simple crown ether to complex enzyme-ligand interactions.