Depressive symptoms and the metabolic syndrome in childhood and adulthood: A prospective cohort study.
- 1 January 2009
- journal article
- Published by American Psychological Association (APA) in Health Psychology
- Vol. 28 (1), 108-116
- https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012646
Abstract
To examine the reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and clinical definitions of the metabolic syndrome in childhood and adulthood. Population-based prospective cohort study of 921 participants (538 women and 383 men) in Finland. The components of the metabolic syndrome were measured in childhood (mean age 12 years) and again in adulthood (mean age 33 years). A revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess depressive symptoms at the mean ages of 24 and 33. Metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP), the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance, and the International Diabetes Federation criteria. In women, depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of the metabolic syndrome in adulthood (odds ratio for NCEP metabolic syndrome per 1 SD increase in depressive symptoms 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.85). The metabolic syndrome in childhood, in turn, predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms in adulthood (p = .03). In men, no associations were found between depressive symptoms and the clinical definitions of the metabolic syndrome. The process linking depressive symptoms with the metabolic syndrome may go into both directions and may begin early in life.Keywords
Funding Information
- Academy of Finland (123621, 209514; 209518; 111056, 77841; 210283, 117604)
- University of Helsinki (2106012)
- Social Insurance Institution of Finland
- Finnish Foundation of Cardiovascular Research
- Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation
This publication has 37 references indexed in Scilit:
- The Metabolic Syndrome: Inflammation, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular DiseaseThe American Journal of Cardiology, 2005
- Association of the Metabolic Syndrome With History of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyCirculation, 2004
- Association of depression with medical illness: does cortisol play a role?Biological Psychiatry, 2004
- Do Depressive Symptoms Increase the Risk for the Onset of Coronary Disease? A Systematic Quantitative ReviewPsychosomatic Medicine, 2003
- Hostility predicts metabolic syndrome risk factors in children and adolescents.Health Psychology, 2003
- The relationship between psychological risk attributes and the metabolic syndrome in healthy women: Antecedent or consequence?Metabolism, 2002
- The Metabolic Syndrome and Total and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Middle-aged MenPublished by American Medical Association (AMA) ,2002
- Depression as a risk factor for cardiac mortality and morbidityJournal of Psychosomatic Research, 2002
- Depressive symptomatology and coronary heart disease in Type I diabetes mellitus: A study of possible mechanisms.Health Psychology, 2002
- Depressive symptoms and lack of social integration in relation to prognosis of CHD in middle-aged women. The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk StudyEuropean Heart Journal, 2000