Conversion of red-algae Gracilaria verrucosa to sugars, levulinic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
- 22 July 2014
- journal article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering
- Vol. 38 (2), 207-217
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-014-1259-5
Abstract
This study employed a statistical methodology to investigate the optimization of conversion conditions and evaluate the reciprocal interaction of reaction factors related to the process of red-algae Gracilaria verrucosa conversion to sugars (glucose, galactose), levulinic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) by acidic hydrolysis. Overall, the conditions optimized for glucose formation included a higher catalyst concentration than did those for galactose, and these conditions for galactose were similar to those for 5-HMF. Levulinic acid production, meanwhile, was optimized at a higher reaction temperature, a higher catalyst concentration, and a longer reaction time than was glucose, galactose or 5-HMF production. By this approach, the optimal yields (and reaction conditions) for glucose, galactose, levulinic acid, and 5-HMF were as follows: glucose 5.29 g/L (8.46 wt%) (reaction temperature 160 °C, catalyst concentration 1.92 %, reaction time 20 min), galactose 18.38 g/L (29.4 wt%) (160 °C, 1.03 %, 20 min), levulinic acid 14.65 g/L (18.64 wt%) (180.9 °C, 2.85 %, 50 min), and 5-HMF 3.74 g/L (5.98 wt%) (160.5 °C, 1 %, 20 min).Keywords
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