Gamma-emitting radionuclides in the shallow marine sediments off the Sindh coast, Arabian Sea

Abstract

Determination of gamma emitting radionuclides in shallow marine sediments off the Sindh coast has been carried out using a gamma spectrometry technique. The activity concentration measured in various sediment samples off the Sindh coast has been found to vary from 15.93 ± 5.22 to 30.53 ± 4.70 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra, from 11.72 ± 1.22 to 33.94 ± 1.86 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁸Ra and from 295.22 ± 32.83 to 748.47 ± 28.75 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K. The calculated mean values of radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate and effective dose are 98 Bq kg⁻¹, 49 nGy h⁻¹ and 0.06 mSv y⁻¹, respectively. No artificial radionuclide was detected in the samples measured from the study area. As no data on radioactivity of the coastal environment of Pakistan are available, the data presented here will serve as baseline information on radionuclide concentration in shallow sea sediments off the Sindh coast. The data will also be useful for tracking pollution inventories from unusual radiological events (if any) in the territorial waters of the study area. Further, the information presented will contribute to modelling of a regional radioactivity database from the perspectives of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Asia-Pacific Marine Radioactivity Database and Global Marine Radioactivity Database.